I. Предполагаемое нарушение пункта 1 статьи 6 Конвенции и статьи 1 Протокола N 1 к Конвенции
Статья 1 Протокола N 1 к КонвенцииПостановление ЕСПЧ от 24.02.2005
Актуально на 04.11.2026.
Как цитировать: Статья 1 Протокола N 1 к Конвенции. Постановление ЕСПЧ от 24.02.2005. 25964/02. 24.02.2005. https://bukva.ai/docs/postanovlenie-2596402/statya-1
Статья 1Протокола № 1 к Конвенции
27. Европейский суд напомнил, что «требование» может пониматься как «собственность» по смыслу статьи 1 Протокола № 1 к Конвенции в случае, если в достаточной мере установлено, что оно может быть юридически реализовано (см. упоминавшееся выше Постановление Европейского суда по делу «Бурдов против России», § 40, и Постановление Европейского суда по делу «Греческие нефтеперегонные заводы „Стран“ и Стратис Андриатис против Греции» (Stran Greek Refineries and Stratis Andreadis v. Greece) от 9 декабря 1994 г., Series A, № 301-B, p. 84, § 59). Судебное решение от 5 января 2000 г. предоставляло заявителю реализуемое требование, а не просто общее право получать выплаты от государства. Указанное Судебное решение вступило в силу, так как оно не было обжаловано в обычном порядке, и по нему было возбуждено исполнительное производство. Следовательно, невозможность для заявителя в течение значительного периода времени исполнить это Судебное решение представляла собой вмешательство в ее право на беспрепятственное пользование своим имуществом, закрепленное в первом предложении пункта 1 статьи 1 Протокола № 1 к Конвенции.
28. Не исполнив указанное Судебное решение, вынесенное в пользу заявителя, власти Российской Федерации воспрепятствовали ей в получении причитающейся ей денежной суммы. Власти Российской Федерации не предоставили убедительных доводов, оправдывающих такое нарушение права заявителя, и Европейский суд счел, что недостаток средств не может оправдать такое бездействие (см. упоминавшееся выше Постановление Европейского суда по делу «Бурдов против России», § 41).
29. Следовательно, имело место нарушение статьи 1 Протокола № 1 к Конвенции.
30. Статья 41 Конвенции гласит:
«Если Суд объявляет, что имело место нарушение Конвенции или Протоколов к ней, а внутреннее право Высокой Договаривающейся Стороны допускает возможность лишь частичного устранения последствий этого нарушения, Суд, в случае необходимости, присуждает справедливую компенсацию потерпевшей стороне».
A. Ущерб
31. Заявитель потребовала сумму в размере 6520 рублей в качестве компенсации материального ущерба, из которой 3388 рублей — сумма основного долга, присужденного заявителю и невыплаченная ей, и 3132 рубля — проценты по невыплаченной сумме по процентной ставке. Помимо этого заявитель потребовала 20000 евро в качестве компенсации морального вреда, причиненного ей в результате невыполнения государством своей обязанности по исполнению Судебного решения.
32. Власти Российской Федерации не оспаривали требуемые заявителем суммы компенсации материального ущерба. Относительно компенсации морального вреда они сочли, что требуемые заявителем суммы неразумны и необоснованны. Они полагали, что, в любом случае, присуждаемые ей суммы не должны превышать суммы, присужденные Европейским судом в деле «Бурдов против России». В качестве альтернативы они утверждали, что установление нарушения будет само по себе представлять собой достаточную справедливую компенсацию морального вреда, причиненного заявителю.
33. Европейский суд отметил, что неисполненное государством обязательство по исполнению Судебного решения не оспаривается. Соответственно, заявитель все еще имеет право на получение основной суммы долга в рамках национальных процедур. Европейский суд отметил, что наиболее правильная форма устранения нарушения статьи 6 Конвенции — поставить заявителя в такое положение, в котором он бы находился, если бы требования статьи 6 Конвенции не были нарушены (см. Постановление Европейского суда по делу «Пьерсак против Бельгии» (Piersack v. Belgium) от 26 октября 1984 г. (справедливая компенсация), Series A, § 85, p. 16, § 12, и, mutatis mutandis, Постановление Европейского суда по делу «Генчель против Турции» ({Gencel} v. Turkey) от 23 октября 2003 г., жалоба № 53431/99, § 27). Европейский суд пришел к выводу, что в настоящем деле данный принцип также применим, если учитывать факт установления нарушения. Таким образом, Европейский суд счел, что власти Российской Федерации должны приемлемым им способом обеспечить произведение выплат по Судебному решению, вынесенному национальными судами. На этих основаниях Европейский суд не счел необходимым присуждать заявителю компенсацию материального ущерба, поскольку она соотносится с основной суммой долга.
34. Однако Европейский суд счел, что заявителю должны быть выплачены проценты за неисполнение Судебного решения. Европейский суд присудил заявителю сумму в размере 3132 рублей в связи с этим.
35. Европейский суд отметил, что ущерб, причиненный заявителю в результате длительного неисполнения Судебного решения, вынесенного в ее пользу, в основном носил имущественный характер, который компенсирован присуждением суммы в отношении материального ущерба. Европейский суд отметил, что в своем Постановлении по делу «Бурдов против России» (упоминавшемся выше, § 47) он присудил заявителю 3000 евро в отношении морального вреда, причиненного в результате длительного неисполнения Судебного решения, вынесенного в пользу заявителя. В этом деле Судебное решение было вынесено в отношении выплаты пособия лицу, пострадавшему в результате аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС, которое выплачивается в качестве компенсации ущерба здоровью, связанного с нетрудоспособностью заявителя, и которое являлось основным источником дохода заявителя. В настоящем деле, напротив, заявитель успешно работала, а выплаты по ее делу являлись предельной выгодой, которые не являлись ее средством к существованию. Принимая во внимание сущность допущенного в настоящем деле нарушения, Европейский суд пришел к выводу, что установление нарушения представляет собой достаточную справедливую компенсацию в отношении морального вреда, причиненного заявителю, если таковой вообще был ей причинен.
B. Судебные расходы и издержки
36. Заявитель также потребовала присудить ей 1834 евро 61 цент в качестве компенсации судебных расходов и издержек, понесенных в результате ее поездки в г. Страсбург, которую она сделала для того, чтобы ознакомиться с материалами досье по ее жалобе.
37. Власти Российской Федерации не согласились с данным требованием заявителя о компенсации расходов по ее поездке в г. Страсбург, поскольку Европейский суд не приглашал заявителя и данная поездка была осуществлена по инициативе самого заявителя.
38. В соответствии с прецедентной практикой Европейского суда заявитель имеет право на компенсацию судебных расходов и издержек лишь в той мере, в какой им доказано, что они были действительными и необходимыми, а также разумными в своем размере. В настоящем деле несмотря на то что на основании ее запроса заявителю разрешили ознакомиться с материалами дела, ее прибытие в Европейский суд не было на основании приглашения самого Европейского суда. На основании предоставленной ему информации Европейский суд отклонил требования о компенсации судебных расходов и издержек в отношении поездки заявителя в г. Страсбург.
39. Европейский суд счел, что процентная ставка при просрочке платежей должна быть установлена в размере предельной годовой процентной ставки по займам Европейского центрального банка плюс три процента.
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постановил, что имело место нарушение пункта 1 статьи 6 Конвенции в отношении заявителя;
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постановил, что имело место нарушение статьи 1 Протокола № 1 к Конвенции в отношении заявителя;
a) что государство-ответчик обязано в течение трех месяцев со дня вступления Постановления в законную силу в соответствии с пунктом 2 статьи 44 Конвенции должно приемлемым для него способом обеспечить произведение выплат по Судебному решению, вынесенному национальным судом в пользу заявителя, и помимо этого выплатить заявителю 3132 (три тысячи сто тридцать два) рубля в качестве компенсации материального ущерба плюс сумму налогов, которые могут быть начислены на указанные выше суммы;
b) что простые проценты по предельным годовым ставкам по займам Европейского центрального банка плюс три процента подлежат выплате по истечении вышеупомянутых трех месяцев и до момента выплаты;
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постановил, что установление нарушения представляет собой достаточную справедливую компенсацию морального вреда, причиненного заявителю;
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отклонил остальные требования заявителя о справедливой компенсации.
Совершено на английском языке, и уведомление о Постановлении направлено в письменном виде 24 февраля 2005 г. в соответствии с пунктами 2 и 3 правила 77 Регламента Суда.
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
CASE OF POZNAKHIRINA v. RUSSIA
(Application No. 25964/02)
<*> This judgment will become final in the circumstances set out in Article 44 § 2 of the Convention. It may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Poznakhirina v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Chamber composed of:
Having deliberated in private on 1 February 2005,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
1. The case originated in an application (No. 25964/02) against the Russian Federation lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms («the Convention») by Ms Svetlana Anatolyevna Poznakhirina, a Russian national, on 6 May 2002.
2. The Russian Government («the Government») were represented by Mr P. Laptev, Representative of the Russian Federation at the European Court of Human Rights.
3. On 19 May 2003 the Court decided to communicate the application to the Government. Under the provisions of Article 29 § 3 of the Convention, it decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility.
4. The applicant was born in 1951 and lives in Novovoronezh, Voronezh Region.
5. In 1999 the applicant brought proceedings against the Chief Department of Finance of the Voronezh Region to claim welfare payments to which she was entitled in respect of her child.
6. On 5 January 2000 the Novovoronezh Town Court of the Voronezh Region awarded the applicant 3,387.87 roubles (RUR). This judgment entered into force on 15 January 2000.
7. On 10 February 2000 the enforcement order was issued and sent to the bailiff service of the Tsentralnyy District of Voronezh.
8. On 10 April 2000 the applicant complained to the Department of Justice of the Voronezh Region about the bailiffs' failure to execute the judgment in her favour.
9. On 20 April 2000 the Department of Justice of the Voronezh Region informed the applicant that her award would be enforced in accordance with the order of priority set out by the Federal Law on Enforcement Procedure.
10. On 26 June 2001 the bailiff terminated execution proceedings in respect of the judgment of 5 January 2000, as the debtor had no sufficient funds. The applicant was suggested to bring an action against the Administration of the Voronezh Region.
11. On 13 February 2002 the Tsentralnyy District Court of Voronezh granted the applicant's request to resume enforcement proceedings. In this decision the court dismissed the bailiff's argument that an action against the Administration of the Voronezh Region was necessary to secure execution of the judgment against the Chief Department of Finance. The court found that the judgment of 5 January 2000 could be enforced as it stood.
13. The applicant complained that the prolonged non-enforcement of the judgment of 5 January 2000 violated her «right to a court» under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention and her right to the peaceful enjoyment of possessions as guaranteed in Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention. These Articles in so far as relevant provide as follows:
«In the determination of his civil rights and obligations..., everyone is entitled to a fair... hearing... by [a]... tribunal...»
«Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law.»
The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.»
A. Admissibility
14. The Government contested the admissibility of the application on the ground that the applicant had failed to exhaust domestic remedies. They submitted that the applicant's original claim for the benefits at issue should have been brought against the Administration of the Voronezh Region, and not only against the Chief Department of Finance. They asserted that such claim would have yielded a judgment with better chances of enforcement.
15. In reply to the Government's objection, the applicant referred to the decision of the Tsentralnyy District Court of Voronezh dated 13 February 2002, in which it was established that no further action was necessary to secure the enforcement of the judgment.
16. The Court reiterates that Article 35 § 1 of the Convention, which sets out the rule on exhaustion of domestic remedies, provides for a distribution of the burden of proof. It is incumbent on the Government claiming non-exhaustion to satisfy the Court that the remedy was an effective one available in theory and in practice at the relevant time, that is to say, that it was accessible, was one which was capable of providing redress in respect of the applicant's complaints and offered reasonable prospects of success (see Selmouni v. France [GC], No. 25803/94, § 76, ECHR 1999-V, and Mifsud v. France (dec.), No. 57220/00, § 15, ECHR 2002-VIII). The Court further recalls that the domestic remedies must be «effective» in the sense either of preventing the alleged violation or its continuation, or of providing adequate redress for any violation that had already occurred (see {Kudla} v. Poland [GC], No. 30210/96, § 158, ECHR 2000-XI).
17. The Court notes that the validity of the judgment of 5 January 2000 against the Chief Department of Finance is undisputed. Moreover, a separate court decision of 13 February 2002 confirmed that it could be enforced. The Court considers that having obtained a judgment and an execution order against a particular State authority the applicant should not be required to institute, on her own initiative, other proceedings against different State agency to meet her claims. Moreover, even assuming that the applicant brought an action against the Administration of the Voronezh Region, the underlying problem of the non-enforcement of the judgment of 5 January 2000 would remain. The Court concludes that such an action would not have been an effective remedy within the meaning of Article 35 § 1 of the Convention.
18. The Court therefore does not accept that the applicant was required to exhaust domestic remedies through a further court action against another defendant.
19. The Court notes that the application is not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 of the Convention. It further notes that it is not inadmissible on any other grounds. It must therefore be declared admissible.
B. Merits
20. The Government acknowledged that the applicant was entitled to the sum awarded to her under the judgment of 5 January 2000. They explained that this amount had not been paid to her due to the budget deficit of 2000 — 2002. They contended, however, that all outstanding benefits from this period were to be paid by the end of 2003.
21. The applicant maintained her complaint. She alleges that the judgment in question has not been enforced to date.
Article 6 § 1 of the Convention
22. The Court reiterates that Article 6 § 1 secures to everyone the right to have any claim relating to his civil rights and obligations brought before a court or tribunal; in this way it embodies the «right to a court», of which the right of access, that is the right to institute proceedings before courts in civil matters, constitutes one aspect. However, that right would be illusory if a Contracting State's domestic legal system allowed a final, binding judicial decision to remain inoperative to the detriment of one party. It would be inconceivable that Article 6 § 1 should describe in detail the procedural guarantees afforded to litigants — proceedings that are fair, public and expeditious — without protecting the implementation of judicial decisions; to construe Article 6 as being concerned exclusively with access to a court and the conduct of proceedings would be likely to lead to situations incompatible with the principle of the rule of law which the Contracting States undertook to respect when they ratified the Convention. Execution of a judgment given by any court must therefore be regarded as an integral part of the «trial» for the purposes of Article 6 (see Burdov v. Russia, No. 59498/00, § 34, ECHR 2002-III, and Hornsby v. Greece, judgment of 19 March 1997, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1997-II, p. 510, § 40).
23. The Court further observes that it is not open to a State authority to cite the lack of funds or other resources as an excuse for not honouring a court award. Admittedly, a delay in the execution of a judgment may be justified in particular circumstances, but the delay may not be such as to impair the essence of the right protected under Article 6 § 1. The applicant should not be prevented from benefiting from the success of the litigation on the ground of alleged financial difficulties experienced by the State (see Burdov v. Russia, cited above, § 35).
24. Turning to the instant case, the Court notes that the judgment of 5 January 2000 has until now remained unenforced in its entirety for almost five years.
25. By failing for such a substantial period of time to take the necessary measures to comply with the final judicial decisions in the present case, the Russian authorities deprived the provisions of Article 6 § 1 of their useful effect.
26. There has accordingly been a violation of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention.
Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention
27. The Court reiterates that a «claim» can constitute a «possession» within the meaning of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 if it is sufficiently established to be enforceable (see Burdov v. Russia, cited above, § 40, and Stran Greek Refineries and Stratis Andreadis v. Greece, judgment of 9 December 1994, Series A No. 301-B, p. 84, § 59). The judgment of 5 January 2000 provided the applicant with an enforceable claim and not simply a general right to receive support from the State. The judgment had become final as no ordinary appeal was made against it, and enforcement proceedings had been instituted. It follows that the impossibility for the applicant to have this judgment enforced for a substantial period of time constitutes an interference with her right to peaceful enjoyment of her possessions, as set forth in the first sentence of the first paragraph of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1.
28. By failing to comply with the judgment of 5 January 2000, the national authorities have prevented the applicant from receiving her award. The Government have not advanced any justification for this interference and the Court considers that the lack of funds cannot justify such an omission (see Burdov v. Russia, cited above, § 41).
29. There has accordingly been a violation of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention.
«If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.»
A. Damage
31. The applicant claimed RUR 6,520 in respect of pecuniary damage, of which RUR 3,388 was for the principal amount awarded and unpaid to the applicant and RUR 3,132 was for the interest payable at the statutory rate. The applicant claimed EUR 20,000 in respect of non-pecuniary damage which she had sustained as a result of the authorities' failure to enforce the judgment.
32. The Government did not contest the applicant's claim for pecuniary damage. In respect of non-pecuniary damage, they submitted that the amount claimed by the applicant was unreasonable and unsubstantiated. They claim that, in any event, the award should not exceed the amount awarded by the Court in the Burdov v. Russia case. Alternatively, they submitted that the finding of a violation would in itself constitute sufficient just satisfaction for the non-pecuniary damage sustained by the applicant.
33. The Court notes that the State's outstanding obligation to enforce the judgment at issue is not in dispute. Accordingly, the applicant is still entitled to recover the principal amount of the debt in the course of domestic proceedings. The Court recalls that the most appropriate form of redress in respect of a violation of Article 6 is to ensure that the applicant as far as possible is put in the position he would have been had the requirements of Article 6 not been disregarded (see Piersack v. Belgium (Article 50), judgment of 26 October 1984, Series A No. 85, p. 16, § 12, and, mutatis mutandis, {Gencel} v. Turkey, No. 53431/99, § 27, 23 October 2003). The Court finds that in the present case this principle applies as well, having regard to the violations found. It therefore considers that the Government shall secure, by appropriate means, the enforcement of the award made by the domestic courts. For this reason the Court does not find it necessary to make an award for pecuniary damage in so far as it relates to the principal amount.
34. The Court accepts, however, the applicant's claim in respect of pecuniary damage in so far as it relates to the interest. It awards the applicant the sum of RUR 3,132 under this head.
35. The Court notes that the applicant's loss as a result of non-enforcement of the judgment in her favour was mostly of a pecuniary nature, which is compensated for by the award in respect of pecuniary damage. It observes that in the judgment Burdov v. Russia (cited above, § 47) it made an award of EUR 3,000 for non-pecuniary damage suffered as a result of non-enforcement of a judgment in the applicant's favour. In that case the judgment at issue concerned a Chernobyl-victim's pension payable as compensation for health damage leading to disability, which was the applicant's main source of income. In the present case, on the contrary, the applicant was gainfully employed and the payment at stake was a marginal benefit which was not the applicant's means of support. Having regard to the nature of the breach in this case, the Court finds that the finding of a violation constitutes in itself sufficient just satisfaction for the non-pecuniary damage, if any, sustained by the applicant.
B. Costs and expenses
36. The applicant also claimed EUR 1,834.61 for the costs and expenses incurred as a result of a visit to Strasbourg which she undertook to familiarise herself with the file concerning the application.
37. The Government contested the applicant's claims concerning reimbursement of her trip to Strasbourg, since the applicant's attendance was not required by the Court and was undertaken on the applicant's own initiative.
38. According to the Court's case-law, an applicant is entitled to reimbursement of the costs and expenses only in so far as it has been shown that these have been actually and necessarily incurred and were reasonable as to quantum. In the present case, although the applicant was permitted, at her request, to have access to her case file, her attendance was not required by the Court. Regard being had to the information in its possession and the above criteria, the Court rejects the claim for costs and expenses in respect of the applicant's travel to Strasbourg.
39. The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
1. Declares the application admissible;
2. Holds that there has been a violation of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention;
3. Holds that there has been a violation of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention;
(a) that the respondent State, within three months from the date on which the judgment becomes final according to Article 44 § 2 of the Convention, shall secure, by appropriate means, the enforcement of the award made by the domestic court, and in addition pay the applicant RUR 3,132 (three thousand one hundred and thirty two roubles) in respect of pecuniary damage, plus any tax that may be chargeable;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amount at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points;
5. Holds that the finding of a violation constitutes in itself sufficient just satisfaction for any non-pecuniary damage sustained by the applicant;
Done in English, and notified in writing on 24 February 2005, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Registrar
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