---
title: "<Статус Договора по открытому небу (Хельсинки, 24 марта 1992 года)> [рус., англ.]"
status: действует
canonical: "https://bukva.ai/docs/status-dogovora-po-otkrytomu-nebu-helsinki-24"
---

## <Статус Договора по открытому небу (Хельсинки, 24 марта 1992 года)> [рус., англ.]

# <Статус Договора по открытому небу (Хельсинки, 24 марта 1992 года)> [рус., англ.]


<a id="p100001"></a>[неофициальный перевод]

<a id="p100002"></a>СТАТУС [ДОГОВОРА](https://bukva.ai/docs/dogovor-po-otkrytomu-nebu)
ПО ОТКРЫТОМУ НЕБУ
(ХЕЛЬСИНКИ, 24 МАРТА 1992 ГОДА)

<a id="p100003"></a>(последние изменения произошли 18 декабря 2021 года)

<a id="p100004"></a>Вступление в силу: 01.01.2002


| <a id="p100005"></a>Государство | Подписание |  |  | Депонирование |  |  | Вид депонирования |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Беларусь | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 02.11.2001<br>02.11.2001 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Бельгия | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 28.06.1995<br>28.06.1995 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Болгария | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 15.04.1994<br>15.04.1994 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Босния и Герцеговина |  |  |  | 21.08.2003<br>26.08.2003 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Присоединение<br>Присоединение |
| Венгрия | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 11.08.1993<br>11.08.1993 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Германия | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 27.01.1994<br>27.01.1994 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Греция | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 09.09.1993<br>09.09.1993 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Грузия | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 31.08.1998<br>31.08.1998 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Дания | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 21.01.1993<br>21.01.1993 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Исландия | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 25.08.1994<br>25.08.1994 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Испания | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 | [<*>](#p100023)<br>[<*>](#p100023) | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 18.11.1993<br>18.11.1993 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Италия | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 28.10.1994<br>31.10.1994 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Канада | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 | [<*>](#p100010)<br>[<*>](#p100010) | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 21.07.1992<br>21.07.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Кыргызстан | 15.12.1992<br>15.12.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава |  |  |  |  |
| Латвия | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 13.12.2002<br>13.12.2002 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Литва |  |  |  | 09.05.2005<br>09.05.2005 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Присоединение<br>Присоединение |
| Люксембург | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 28.06.1995<br>28.06.1995 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Нидерланды | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 28.06.1995<br>28.06.1995 | [<*>](#p100017) | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Норвегия | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 14.07.1993<br>14.07.1993 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Польша | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 17.05.1995<br>29.05.1995 | [<*>](#p100009)<br><*> | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Португалия | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 22.11.1994<br>22.11.1994 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| <a id="p100060"></a>Российская Федерация | 24.03.1992 |  | Организация американских государств | 18.12.2021<br>[02.11.2001]<br>[02.11.2001] | [<*>](#p100009) | ООН<br>ООН<br>ООН | Выход<br>Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Румыния | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 05.06.1994<br>05.06.1994 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Словакия | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 21.12.1992<br>21.12.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Словения |  |  |  | 27.07.2004<br>27.07.2004 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Присоединение<br>Присоединение |
| Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 08.12.1993<br>08.12.1993 | [<*>](#p100037)<br>[<*>](#p100037) | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Соединенные Штаты Америки | 24.03.1992 |  | Организация американских государств | 22.11.2020<br>12.12.1993<br>12.12.1993 | <*> | ООН<br>ООН<br>ООН | Выход<br>Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Турция | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 30.11.1994<br>01.12.1994 | <*> | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Украина | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 20.04.2000<br>20.04.2000 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Финляндия |  |  |  | 12.12.2002<br>13.12.2002 | <*> | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Присоединение<br>Присоединение |
| Франция | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 30.07.1993<br>30.07.1993 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Хорватия |  |  |  | 02.11.2004<br>02.11.2004 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Присоединение<br>Присоединение |
| Чешская Республика | 24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | 21.12.1992<br>21.12.1992 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Ратификация<br>Ратификация |
| Швеция |  |  |  | 28.06.2002<br>28.06.2002 | [<*>](#p100030)<br>[<*>](#p100030) | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Присоединение<br>Присоединение |
| Эстония |  |  |  | 24.03.2005<br>24.03.2005 |  | Будапешт<br>Оттава | Присоединение<br>Присоединение |







## <a id="p100007"></a>TREATY ON OPEN SKIES



| <a id="p100008"></a>Opened for signature at Helsinki: 24 March 1992 | Number of Signatory States: 28 |
| --- | --- |
| Entered into force: 1 January 2002 | Number of States Parties: 32 |
| Depositary Governments: Canada and Hungary |  |


<a id="p100057"></a>Historical note:
<a id="p100058"></a>The United States withdrew from the Treaty effective 22 November 2020. In a diplomatic note dated 22 May 2020, it provided notice of its decision to withdraw from the Treaty. They had previously signed it on 24 March 1992 and ratified it on 3 December 1993.

<div align="right">

<a id="p100059"></a>The Russian Federation withdrew from the Treaty effective 18 December 2021. In a diplomatic note dated 17 June 2021, it provided notice of its decision to withdraw from the Treaty. They had previously signed it on 24 March 1992 and ratified it on 2 November 2001.

</div>



<table>
<colgroup><col width="18%"><col width="17%"><col width="5%"><col width="11%"><col width="14%"><col width="2%"><col width="5%"><col width="14%"><col width="13%"></colgroup>
<tr><td>State</td><td>Signature</td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">Deposit</td><td></td><td></td><td>Deposit Type</td></tr>
<tr><td>Belarus</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">02.11.2001<br>02.11.2001</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Belgium</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">28.06.1995<br>28.06.1995</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Bosnia and Herzegovina</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">21.08.2003<br>26.08.2003</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Accession<br>Accession</td></tr>
<tr><td>Bulgaria</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">15.04.1994<br>15.04.1994</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Canada</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td>&lt;*&gt;<br>&lt;*&gt;</td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">21.07.1992<br>21.07.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Croatia</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">02.11.2004<br>02.11.2004</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Accession<br>Accession</td></tr>
<tr><td>Czech Republic</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">21.12.1992<br>21.12.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Denmark</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">21.01.1993<br>21.01.1993</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Estonia</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">24.03.2005<br>24.03.2005</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Accession<br>Accession</td></tr>
<tr><td>Finland</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">12.12.2002<br>13.12.2002</td><td>&lt;*&gt;</td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Accession<br>Accession</td></tr>
<tr><td>France</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">30.07.1993<br>30.07.1993</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Georgia</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">31.08.1998<br>31.08.1998</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Germany</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">27.01.1994<br>27.01.1994</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Greece</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">09.09.1993<br>09.09.1993</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Hungary</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">11.08.1993<br>11.08.1993</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Iceland</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">25.08.1994<br>25.08.1994</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Italy</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">28.10.1994<br>31.10.1994</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kyrgyzstan</td><td>15.12.1992<br>15.12.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>Latvia</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">13.12.2002<br>13.12.2002</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Lithuania</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">09.05.2005<br>09.05.2005</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Accession<br>Accession</td></tr>
<tr><td>Luxembourg</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">28.06.1995<br>28.06.1995</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Netherlands</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">28.06.1995<br>28.06.1995</td><td>&lt;*&gt;</td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Norway</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">14.07.1993<br>14.07.1993</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Poland</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">17.05.1995<br>29.05.1995</td><td>&lt;*&gt;<br>&lt;*&gt;</td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Portugal</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">22.11.1994<br>22.11.1994</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Romania</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">05.06.1994<br>05.06.1994</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Russian Federation</td><td>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Organization of American States</td><td colspan="2">18.12.2021<br>[02.11.2001]<br>[02.11.2001]</td><td>&lt;*&gt;</td><td>United Nations<br>United Nations<br>United Nations</td><td>Withdrawal<br>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Slovakia</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">21.12.1992<br>21.12.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Slovenia</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">27.07.2004<br>27.07.2004</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Accession<br>Accession</td></tr>
<tr><td>Spain</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td>&lt;*&gt;<br>&lt;*&gt;</td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">18.11.1993<br>18.11.1993</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sweden</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">28.06.2002<br>28.06.2002</td><td>&lt;*&gt;<br>&lt;*&gt;</td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Accession<br>Accession</td></tr>
<tr><td>Turkiye</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">30.11.1994<br>01.12.1994</td><td>&lt;*&gt;</td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ukraine</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">20.04.2000<br>20.04.2000</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</td><td>24.03.1992<br>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td colspan="2">08.12.1993<br>08.12.1993</td><td>&lt;*&gt;<br>&lt;*&gt;</td><td>Budapest<br>Ottawa</td><td>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
<tr><td>United States</td><td>24.03.1992</td><td></td><td>Organization of American States</td><td>22.11.2020<br>12.12.1993<br>12.12.1993</td><td colspan="2">&lt;*&gt;</td><td>United Nations<br>United Nations<br>United Nations</td><td>Withdrawal<br>Ratification<br>Ratification</td></tr>
</table>


<a id="p100009"></a><*> A note, statement, declaration, or reservation, is attached to the signature or depository action.

<a id="p100010"></a>Canada
<a id="p100011"></a>Declaration:
<a id="p100012"></a>24 March 1992
<a id="p100013"></a>"The Government of Canada declares, with respect to Article XIII, Section II of the Treaty on Open Skies, that it will initially implement the required privileges and immunities to the extent permitted by Canadian law, and that it is reviewing the question of whether any legislative changes will be necessary for Canada to implement fully the required privileges and immunities."
<a id="p100014"></a>24 March 1992
<a id="p100015"></a>Reservation
<a id="p100016"></a>"The Government of Canada declares, with respect to Article XIII, Section II of the Treaty on Open Skies, that it will initially implement the required privileges and immunities to the extent permitted by Canadian law, and that it is reviewing the question of whether any legislative changes will be necessary for Canada to implement fully the required privileges and immunities."

<a id="p100017"></a>**Netherlands**
<a id="p100018"></a>**TERRITORIAL APPLICATION**
<a id="p100019"></a>**28 June 1995**
<a id="p100020"></a>Kingdom in Europe, Netherlands Antilles and Aruba
<a id="p100021"></a>10 October 2010
<a id="p100022"></a>Application continued to the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten

<a id="p100061"></a>Russian Federation
<a id="p100062"></a>The Russian Federation withdrew from the Treaty effective 18 December 2021. In a diplomatic note dated 17 June 2021, it provided notice of its decision to withdraw from the Treaty. They had previously signed it on 24 March 1992 and ratified it on 2 November 2001.

<a id="p100023"></a>Spain
<a id="p100024"></a>24 March 1992
<a id="p100025"></a>Declaration (Translation)
<a id="p100026"></a>As far as the definition of the term "territory" contained in Article II of the Treaty on Open Skies is concerned, the Kingdom of Spain reiterates its legal stand regarding the controversy with the United Kingdom over the sovereignty of the isthmus of Gibraltar.
<a id="p100027"></a>24 March 1992
<a id="p100028"></a>Declaration (Translation) (Original attached)
<a id="p100029"></a>As far as the definition of the term "territory" contained in Article II of the Treaty on Open Skies is concerned, the Kingdom of Spain reiterates its legal stand regarding the controversy with the United Kingdom over the sovereignty of the isthmus of Gibraltar.

<a id="p100030"></a>Sweden
<a id="p100031"></a>**28 June 2002**
<a id="p100032"></a>**Declaration/Reservation**
<a id="p100033"></a>**The Government of the Kingdom of Sweden declares that it undertakes faithfully to perform and carry out all stipulations therein contained with the reservation that the stipulations concerning taxation in Article 34 in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 18 April 1961, to which the Treaty refers, shall not apply to Swedish nationals or to persons who are resident in Sweden.**
<a id="p100034"></a>28 June 2002
<a id="p100035"></a>Declaration/Reservation
<a id="p100036"></a>"(...) Sweden accedes to the said Treaty on Open Skies and undertakes faithfully to perform and carry out all stipulations therein contained with the reservation that the stipulations concerning taxation in Article 34 in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 18 April 1961, to which the Treaty refers, shall not apply to Swedish nationals or to persons who are residents in Sweden."

<a id="p100037"></a>United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

<div align="center">

<a id="p100038"></a>TERRITORIAL APPLICATION<br>
<a id="p100039"></a>United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:<br>
<a id="p100040"></a>United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Bailiwick of Guernsey; Bailiwick of Jersey; Isle of Man; Anguilla; Bermuda; British Indian Ocean Territory; British Virgin Islands; Cayman Islands; Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Montserrat; Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands; St. Helena; St. Helena Dependencies; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Turks and Caicos Islands; United Kingdom Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia in the island of Cyprus.<br>
<a id="p100041"></a>TERRITORIAL APPLICATION

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<a id="p100042"></a>UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND:
<a id="p100043"></a>8 December 1993
<a id="p100044"></a>United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Bailiwick of Guernsey; Bailiwick of Jersey; Isle of Man; Anguilla; Bermuda; British Indian Ocean Territory; British Virgin Islands; Cayman Islands; Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Montserrat; Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands; St. Helena; St. Helena Dependencies; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Turks and Caicos Islands; United Kingdom Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia in the island of Cyprus.

<a id="p100063"></a>United States
<a id="p100064"></a>The United States withdrew from the Treaty effective 22 November 2020. In a diplomatic note dated 22 May 2020, it provided notice of its decision to withdraw from the Treaty. They had previously signed it on 24 March 1992 and ratified it on 3 December 1993.



<a id="p100056"></a>

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