Статья 30«Протокол о сохранении биологического разнообразия к Рамочной конвенции по защите морской среды Каспийского моря» (Ашхабадский протокол) [рус., англ.]

Отношение к переговорам по правовому статусу Каспийского моря

Никакие положения настоящего Протокола не интерпретируются как предопределяющие результат переговоров по правовому статусу Каспийского моря.

В удостоверение чего нижеподписавшиеся, должным образом на то уполномоченные, подписали настоящий Протокол.

Совершено в городе Ашхабад в день тридцатого месяца мая года две тысячи четырнадцатого.

(Подписи)

Приложение I

Таксон является «Исчезнувшим», когда нет никаких обоснованных сомнений в том, что его последняя особь погибла. Таксон признается «Исчезнувшим», когда при тщательном обследовании его известных и/или предполагаемых местообитаний в подходящее время (суток, сезона, года) в пределах его исторического ареала не обнаружено ни одной его особи. По временным параметрам обследования должны соответствовать жизненному циклу и биологической форме таксона.

Таксон является «Исчезнувшим в дикой природе», когда известно, что он сохранился только в культуре, в условиях неволи, или в виде натурализованной популяции (или популяций) вне прежнего ареала. Таксон признается «Исчезнувшим в дикой природе», когда при тщательном обследовании его известных и/или предполагаемых местообитаний в подходящее время (суток, сезона, года) в пределах его исторического ареала не обнаружено ни одной его особи. По временным параметрам обследования должны соответствовать жизненному циклу и биологической форме таксона.

Таксон является «Находящимся в критическом состоянии», когда с наибольшей очевидностью показано, что он определяется по какому-либо из критериев (А — Е) категории «Находящиеся в критическом состоянии» и поэтому рассматривается как стоящий перед чрезвычайно высоким риском исчезновения в дикой природе.

Таксон является «Находящимся в опасном состоянии» когда с наибольшей очевидностью показано, что он определяется по какому-либо из критериев (А — Е) категории «Находящиеся в опасном состоянии» и поэтому рассматривается как стоящий перед очень высоким риском исчезновения в дикой природе.

Таксон является «Уязвимым», когда с наибольшей очевидностью показано, что он определяется по какому-либо из критериев (А — Е) категории «Уязвимые» и поэтому рассматривается как стоящий перед высоким риском исчезновения в дикой природе.

Таксон является «Находящимся в состоянии близком к угрожаемому», когда он был оценен по критериям и не был квалифицирован как «Находящийся в критическом состоянии», «Находящийся в опасном состоянии» или «Уязвимый» в настоящее время, но близок к этому или имеет вероятность быть отнесенным к какой-либо из категорий угрозы в ближайшем будущем.

Таксон является «Вызывающим наименьшие опасения», когда он был оценен по критериям и не был квалифицирован как «Находящийся в критическом состоянии», «Находящийся в опасном состоянии», «Уязвимый» или «Находящийся в состоянии, близком к угрожаемому». К этой категории относятся и таксоны, имеющие широкое распространение и высокую численность.

Таксон относится к категории «Недостаток данных», когда имеющаяся информация о состоянии его численности и/или ареала неадекватна для прямой или косвенной оценки риска исчезновения. Таксон этой категории может быть хорошо изучен, а его биология хорошо известна, но подходящие для оценки данные по его обилию и/или распространению недостаточны. Категория «Недостаток данных» не является категорией угрозы исчезновения. Включение таксона в эту категорию показывает, что требуется больше информации, и признается, что будущие исследования могут сделать возможным его отнесение к одной из категорий угрозы исчезновения. Здесь весьма важно в полной мере использовать все имеющиеся данные. Во многих случаях необходимо проявлять особую тщательность при выборе между категорией «Недостаток данных» и категориями угрозы исчезновения. Если, например, предполагается, что ареал таксона довольно ограничен и с момента последнего обнаружения таксона прошел значительный период времени, то может быть оправданным придание ему статуса угрожаемого состояния.

Таксон считается «Неоцененным», когда он еще не был оценен по критериям.

Приложение II

1. Для внесения в Список ОРКМ любой район должен соответствовать, по крайней мере, одному из подпунктов, указанных в пункте 1 статьи 9 настоящего Протокола. В некоторых случаях один и тот же район может соответствовать нескольким подпунктам, и такие случаи лишь усиливают доводы в пользу внесения района в Список.

2. Не устанавливается каких-либо ограничений на общее число районов, внесенных в Список, или на число районов, которые любая Сторона может предложить к внесению в него. Тем не менее, Стороны соглашаются, что районы будут выбираться на научной основе и вноситься в Список в соответствии с их качественными характеристиками, в силу чего они должны удовлетворять перечисленным в Протоколе требованиям и данным критериям.

3. Договаривающиеся Стороны соглашаются, что наряду с основополагающими критериями национального административного статуса они будут руководствоваться следующими критериями выбора объектов для внесения в Список ОРКМ:

a) Общемировая значимость:

Объект является заслуживающим особого внимания примером естественной или практически естественной экосистемы, характерным для соответствующего биогеографического региона; он поддерживает жизнедеятельность достаточно большой группы редких, уязвимых или находящихся под угрозой исчезновения видов или подвидов растений или животных либо значительного числа особей какого-либо одного или нескольких таких видов; он имеет особую ценность для поддержания генетического и экологического разнообразия региона в силу качества и отличительных особенностей своей флоры и фауны; он имеет особую ценность в качестве места обитания растений или животных, находящихся на важной стадии своего биологического цикла; на нем на регулярной основе обитают 20 тысяч особей водоплавающих птиц; на нем на регулярной основе обитает 1% популяции одного вида или подвида водоплавающих птиц;

b) Региональная ценность:

Объект имеет ценность на региональном уровне и является весьма характерным для региона Каспийского моря и его биологического разнообразия;

c) Национальный статус:

Объект имеет административный статус национального охраняемого района, природоохранные меры и план управления, обеспеченный финансовыми ресурсами;

d) Уникальность:

На его территории расположены уникальные или редкие экосистемы и/или редкие, находящиеся под угрозой исчезновения или эндемичные виды;

e) Природная значимость:

Объект является весьма характерным для экологических систем, типов популяций или мест обитания или иных природных характеристик;

f) Биологическое разнообразие:

Объект имеет высокую степень разнообразия видов, сообществ, мест обитания или экосистем;

g) Управляемые антропогенные стресс-факторы:

Предпочтение отдается объектам с низким уровнем воздействия стресс-факторов антропогенного характера;

h) Управляемые природные стресс-факторы:

Предпочтение отдается объектам с низким уровнем природных стресс-факторов;

i) Доступность и достаточность исходных данных:

Существует минимальный недостаток информации об объекте и имеется определенный объем достоверных исходных данных;

j) Культурная значимость:

Объект обладает характерной ценностью с точки зрения культурного наследия в силу существования экологически безопасных традиционных видов деятельности, интегрированной с природой, которые поддерживают благосостояние местного населения;

k) Научная, образовательная и эстетическая ценность:

Объект обладает научной, образовательной или эстетической ценностью и нет непосредственной угрозы уменьшения его научной, образовательной или эстетической ценности;

l) Участие гражданского общества:

В процесс планирования и управления охраняемым районом вовлечено и принимает активное участие население, в особенности местные сообщества.

Договаривающиеся Стороны соглашаются принять следующие меры по планированию развития и управлению районами, которые предлагается внести в Список ОРКМ:

a) представление необходимых исходных данных, включая природоохранные, социально-экономические и культурные аспекты, и плана заполнения выявленных пробелов в информации;

b) представление четко определенных краткосрочных и долгосрочных целей в рамках Плана природоохранных и управленческих мероприятий;

c) представление соответствующей информации о компетентном(ых) органе (органах) и формах участия различных заинтересованных сторон;

d) осуществление мер, включая ОВОС, для предотвращения загрязнения, контроля и снижения воздействия всех источников загрязнения, которые могут оказать неблагоприятное воздействие на природоохранный статус видов, сообществ, экосистем или мест обитания либо на культурную и эстетическую ценность района, который предлагается внести в Список ОРКМ;

e) полномасштабное сотрудничество в выполнении положений настоящего Протокола, прежде всего в связи с интродукцией или реинтродукцией любых видов;

f) для внесения в Список ОРКМ район должен иметь план управления. Основные правила такого плана управления должны быть сформулированы на момент внесения района в Список, и их применение должно быть начато немедленно после этого. Детальный план управления должен быть представлен в течение трех лет с даты внесения в Список. Невыполнение данного обязательства может послужить причиной удаления объекта из Списка;

g) в текстах нормативных актов, регулирующих каждый район, должны быть четко определены полномочия и ответственность в отношении административного управления и осуществления природоохранных мер в районах, которые предлагается внести в список ОРКМ;

h) для внесения в Список ОРКМ охраняемый район должен иметь управляющий орган с достаточными полномочиями, а также средства и кадровые ресурсы для предотвращения и/или контроля за деятельностью, которая может идти вразрез с целями создания данного охраняемого района;

i) для внесения в Список ОРКМ район должен иметь программу мониторинга. Программа должна включать в себя выявление и мониторинг определенного числа существенных параметров данного района, которые позволяли бы проводить оценку условий и эволюции района, а также эффективности применяемых природоохранных и управленческих мер, для их соответствующей адаптации по мере необходимости. С даты включения района в Список ОРКМ регулярно представляются отчеты о его мониторинге.

1. Цели по охране и управлению должны быть четко определены в документах, относящихся к каждому объекту, и являться основой для оценки достаточности принятых мер и эффективности их осуществления в ходе пересмотра Списка ОРКМ.

2. Меры по защите, планированию и управлению, применимые к каждому району, должны быть достаточными для достижения целей по охране его природы и управлению, которые определены в плане по управлению для данного объекта в краткосрочной и долгосрочной перспективе, и должны, в частности, учитывать факторы, представляющие угрозу для него.

3. Меры по защите, планированию и управлению должны основываться на соответствующих знаниях элементов природной среды, а также социально-экономических и культурных факторов, характеризующих каждый район. При недостатке основополагающих знаний район, одобренный для внесения в Список ОРКМ, должен активно инициировать сбор недостающих данных и информации.

4. В отношении отличительных характеристик каждого охраняемого объекта природоохранные меры по ОРКМ должны учитывать следующие основные аспекты:

a) ужесточение норм, регулирующих сброс отходов и иных материалов, которые могут прямо или косвенно нанести ущерб целостности района;

b) ужесточение норм, регулирующих интродукцию или реинтродукцию в район любых видов флоры и фауны;

c) регулирование любой деятельности или действий, которые могут нанести вред или нарушить баланс видов, либо поставить под угрозу природоохранный статус экосистем или видов, либо нанести ущерб природным, культурным или эстетическим характеристикам района;

d) регулирование зон, окружающих данный район.

5. В соответствии с настоящим Протоколом должна представляться регулярная отчетность по мониторингу и оценке состояния объекта и вноситься соответствующие поправки в план управления.

6. Несоответствие данным критериям может привести к исключению из Списка ОРКМ.

(Ashgabat, 30.V.2014)

Caspian littoral States:

Islamic Republic of Iran

Republic of Kazakhstan

Russian Federation

Turkmenistan

Being Contracting Parties to the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea, done at Tehran on 4 November 2003 (hereinafter referred to as the Convention);

Determined to implement the Convention and in accordance with its Article 14, paragraph 2, which stipulates cooperation in the development of the Protocols in order to undertake the necessary measures for the protection, preservation and restoration of marine biological resources;

Being Contracting Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, June 5, 1992;

Being aware that the Caspian Sea is a unique ecosystem, and contains a large number of biotopes and species of great national, regional and global importance that need protection, preservation and restoration, and of the need to guarantee sustainable and rational use of biological resources;

Taking into consideration the pressure on the marine environment of the Caspian Sea due to different kinds of human activities, which threaten biological diversity;

Stressing the importance of safeguarding biological diversity and, as appropriate, improving the state of the natural and cultural heritage of the coastal and marine areas of the Caspian Sea, in particular through the development of protected areas and by the protection and conservation of threatened species, at the national and regional levels;

Noting with concern the issue of alien species and the need to develop control measures to prevent the accidental transfer due to human activities of such species into and out of the Caspian Sea;

Acknowledging the need to take the necessary measures to protect, preserve and restore the health and integrity of the coastal and marine ecosystems of the Caspian Sea;

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1

Use of Terms

(a) «Biological diversity» means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems;

(b) «Biological resources» includes genetic resources, organisms or parts thereof, populations, or any other biotic component of ecosystems with actual or potential use or value for humanity;

(c) «Biotechnology» means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use;

(d) «Competent Authority» means either the «National Authority» defined in Article 1 of the Convention or the authority(ies) within the government of a Contracting Party designated by the National Authority responsible for the fulfilment of the obligations specified in this Protocol;

(e) «Country of origin of genetic resources» means the country which possesses those genetic resources in in-situ conditions, with the exception of agreed transboundary types of biological resources, which are owned by all Caspian littoral states;

(f) «Country providing genetic resources» means the country supplying genetic resources collected from in-situ sources, including populations of both wild and domesticated species, or taken from ex-situ sources, which may or may not have originated in that country;

(g) «Domesticated or cultivated species» means species in which the evolutionary process has been influenced by humans to meet their needs»;

(h) Ecosystem» means a dynamic complex of living organisms and their environment interacting as a functional unit;

(i) «Endemic species» means any species believed to occur only in a specified geographical region;

(j) «Ex-situ conservation» means the conservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats;

(k) «Genetic material» means any material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin containing functional units of heredity;

(l) «Genetically modified species» means any species whose genetic material has been altered using gene technology;

(m) «Genetic resources» means genetic material of actual or potential value;

(n) «Habitat» means a specified living space where an organism or population naturally occurs;

(o) «In-situ conservation» means the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties;

(p) «Alien species» (also known as exotic or introduced species) means any species occurring outside of its historically known natural range as a result of intentional or accidental dispersal by human activities;

(q) «Invasive species» means an alien species whose establishment and spread may cause economic or environmental damage to the ecosystems or biological resources or harm to human health;

(r) «Conference of the Parties» means the body referred to in Article 22 of the Convention;

(s) «List of Protected Areas of the Caspian Sea (PACS)» means the list of protected areas of importance to the marine environment of the Caspian Sea;

(t) «Protected area» means a geographically defined area which is designated, regulated and managed to achieve specific conversation objectives;

(u) «Secretariat» means the body referred to in Article 23 of the Convention;

(v) «Sustainable use» means the use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations;

(w) «Technology» means the practice, description and terminology of any or all of the applied sciences which have practical and/or industrial use, including inter alia biotechnology;

(x) «Threatened species» means any taxon whose survival is significantly jeopardized by human activities or other factors;

(y) «Introduction» means intentional or accidental transfer of any species from outside into the Caspian ecosystem;

(z) «Applicable international treaties» means relevant international legal instruments in force to which all the Contracting Parties are a party.

Objectives

The objectives of this Protocol are to protect, preserve, and restore the health and integrity of the biological diversity and the ecosystem of the Caspian Sea as well as to ensure the sustainable use of biological resources and in that context:

(a) To safeguard threatened species, and vulnerable ecosystems, to ensure their long-term viability and diversity;

(b) To prevent decline, degradation and damage to species, habitats and ecological systems, directed by the precautionary principle;

(c) To protect and conserve those areas that best represent the high range of species, special habitats, ecological systems and natural and related cultural heritage.

Article 3

Scope of Applicaton

In accordance with Articles 3 and 15 of the Convention this Protocol shall be applied to the marine environment of the Caspian Sea taking into account its water level fluctuations and pollution from land-based sources as well as the land affected by proximity to the sea including wetlands of international significance as identified by national legislation or otherwise by the Contracting Parties.

Article 4

Implementation of the Protocol

Each Contracting Party shall designate a Competent Authority to coordinate the implementation of the provisions of this Protocol in its territory and under its jurisdiction.

Article 5

General Provisions

The implementation of this Protocol by the Contracting Parties shall be guided by their national legislation, taking into account Article 9, paragraph 1, Article 11, paragraph 2, and Article 30 of this Protocol. Within that context the Contracting Parties shall:

(a) Individually or jointly take all appropriate measures to protect, preserve and restore the marine environment of the Caspian Sea;

(b) Use the natural resources of the Caspian Sea in such a way as not to cause harm to the marine environment and biological resources of the Caspian Sea;

(c) Protect, preserve and restore biological diversity with particular emphasis on threatened species;

(d) Protect, preserve and restore areas that are unique, highly sensitive or regionally representative in an environmentally sound and sustainable manner, notably by the establishment of protected areas;

(e) Adopt national and, as appropriate, regional strategies, action plans and programmes and develop and implement appropriate legislation for the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use and management of biological resources including their habitats;

(f) Undertake monitoring measures related to the biological diversity of the Caspian Sea;

(g) Identify and compile inventories of biological diversity and habitats for the purpose of conservation of biological diversity and sustainable and rational use of biological resources;

(h) Ensure that sectoral strategies and action plans are consistent with the principles of conservation of biological diversity and sustainable and rational use of biological resources;

(i) Apply national integrated management of coastal areas, taking into account the need for sustainable and rational use of biological resources and conservation of biological diversity;

(j) Control sources of pollution and any activity that cause or may cause a significant negative impact on habitats and species;

(k) Cooperate with each other and with competent international organizations in the field of biological diversity conservation and management of threatened species and ecosystems.

Article 6

Measures for the Protection and Conservation of Species

For the purpose of protection and conservation of species, the Contracting Parties shall:

(a) Provide comprehensive inventories of threatened species of flora and fauna and accord protected status to such species based on the categories of Annex I of this Protocol from which a Caspian Red Book will be developed in cooperation with relevant international organizations, to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties, subject to previous discussion and analysis by the Contracting Parties.

(b) Regulate activities having adverse effects on protected species and their habitats, and other measures to ensure a favourable state of conservation of such species;

(c) Control and where appropriate prohibit the intentional and, to the extent possible, the accidental taking, possession or killing, the transport and use for commercial purposes of protected species of flora and fauna, their parts and derivatives thereof;

(d) Control and, where appropriate, prohibit the disturbance of fauna, particularly during the period of breeding, incubation, hibernation or migration, as well as other periods of biological stress;

(e) Regulate all forms of destruction and disturbance of protected species of flora and their parts and products, including the picking, collecting, cutting, uprooting, possession of, commercial trade in, or transport and exhibition for commercial purposes;

(f) Cooperate for the protection and recovery of migratory species;

(g) Undertake long-term monitoring of the status of threatened species included under Annex I of this Protocol, as well as the nature and magnitude of impacts threatening their survival according to agreed common population dynamics criteria;

(h) Exchange information on measures being taken to conserve populations of threatened species included under Annex I of this Protocol and conduct an assessment of the effectiveness of such measures based on agreed common criteria;

(i) Elaborate and implement national and, as appropriate, regional action plans for the species listed under Annex I of this Protocol for their in-situ and ex-situ conservation and recovery;

(j) Cooperate to ensure the protection, conservation and, if necessary, restoration of threatened species listed under Annex I of this Protocol.

(k) Grant exemptions, where appropriate and in accordance with national legislation to the prohibitions prescribed for the protection of the species listed under Annex I of this Protocol for scientific and reproductive purposes, and, in case of threats to human health, providing that those exemptions do not harm the survival of the population of the target species or of any other species.

Article 7

Alien Species

The Contracting Parties shall:

(a) Regulate the introduction of alien species and prohibit those that may have harmful impacts on the ecosystems, habitats or species and regulate those already introduced which are causing or may cause damage;

(b) Review the status of all alien species introduced into the Caspian Sea, the risks posed by them and prepare and implement a regional Plan of Action for those identified as invasive species.

Article 8

Genetically Modified Species

The Contracting Parties shall regulate the introduction of genetically modified species and prohibit those that may have harmful impacts on human health, the ecosystems, habitats and species, and regulate those already introduced which are causing or may cause damage. Such introduction shall be decided upon by the Conference of the Parties, subject to previous discussion and analysis by the Contracting Parties.

Article 9

Designation of Protected Areas

1. For the purpose of in-situ conservation and after ensuring that none of the other Contracting Parties objects, each Contracting Party may for the purpose of this Protocol designate protected areas in the marine environment and land affected by proximity to the sea in accordance with the criteria contained in Annex II of this Protocol. Such protected areas may be designated with the objective of safeguarding:

(a) Representative types of coastal and marine ecosystems of adequate size to ensure their long-term viability and to maintain their biological diversity;

(b) Habitats which are in danger of disappearing in their natural area of distribution and in the Scope of Application of this Protocol, including those which have a reduced natural area of distribution as a consequence of their regression or on account of their intrinsically restricted area;

(c) Habitats critical to the survival, reproduction and recovery of threatened or endemic species of flora and fauna;

(d) Sites of particular importance because of their scientific, aesthetic, cultural or educational interest.

2. If two or more Contracting Parties intend to designate a shared protected area, the competent authorities of these Parties shall endeavour to cooperate, with a view to reaching agreement on the measures to be taken.

3. When protected areas covering both coastal and marine areas are designated, the Contracting Party shall endeavour to ensure the coordination of the administration and management of the protected area as a whole. The Contracting Party shall develop and implement management plans in accordance with guidelines and common criteria set by Annex II of this Protocol.

Article 10

Management of Protected Areas

1. In conformity with applicable international treaties and national legislation, the Contracting Party shall take the protection measures required for, in particular:

(a) The prohibition of the dumping or discharge of wastes and other substances likely to damage the ecosystem integrity of the protected area directly or indirectly;

(b) The regulation of the passage of vessels and any stopping or anchoring;

(c) The regulation of the introduction of any species into the area including those not indigenous to the protected area in question, as well as reintroduction of species which are or have been present in the protected areas;

(d) The regulation of any activity involving the physical construction on or exploration within the protected area;

(e) The regulation of any scientific research activity;

(f) The regulation of fishing, hunting, taking of animals, harvesting of plants or their destruction, as well as trade in animals and parts of animals, plants and parts of plants;

(g) The regulation of any other activity or act likely to harm or disturb the species, or that might endanger the state of conservation of the ecosystems, or might impair the natural or cultural characteristics of the protected area;

(h) Any other measure aimed at safeguarding important ecological and biological systems.

2. In conformity with the applicable international treaties and national legislation, the Contracting Party shall adopt planning, management, supervision and monitoring measures for the protected areas, which should include:

(a) The development and adoption of a management plan that specifies the legal and institutional framework, and the management and protection measures applicable;

(b) The monitoring of ecological systems, habitats, population dynamics, as well as the impact of human activities;

(c) The active involvement of local communities and wider populations, as appropriate, in development of a management plan and subsequent management of protected area, and assist local inhabitants who might be affected by the establishment of the protected area;

(d) The training and education of local communities, and wider population and organizations;

(e) The training of managers and qualified technical personnel.

3. The Contracting Parties shall ensure that national emergency response contingency plans incorporate measures for responding to incidents that could cause damage or constitute a threat to the protected areas.

Article 11

Procedures for the Establishment and Listing of Protected Areas

1. The Contracting Parties shall draw up a List of Protected Areas of the Caspian Sea (PACS List).

2. PACS may be designated, in the marine and/or coastal areas by one or more Contracting Parties. The geographical coordinates of the PACS in the marine areas will be determined in accordance with the provisions of the Convention on the legal status of the Caspian Sea after its entry into force for all Contracting Parties.

3. Contracting Parties making proposals for including areas in the PACS List shall provide the Secretariat to the Convention with an introductory report containing information on the area's geographical location, its physical and ecological characteristics, its administrative status, its management plan and the means for implementation, as well as a statement justifying its importance. Where a proposal concerns areas in the marine and/or coastal areas of the sea of two or more Contracting Parties, the Parties concerned shall consult each other with a view to ensuring the consistency of the proposed protection and conservation measures, and their implementation.

4. The Secretariat shall examine the conformity of the proposal with the common guidelines and criteria referred to in Annex II of this Protocol and if, after assessment, it is compliant shall, after ensuring the consent of all Contracting Parties, inform the Conference of the Parties, which shall decide whether to include the area in the PACS List.

5. Once included in the PACS List the Contracting Party or Parties shall implement the protection and conservation measures specified in their management plans developed in accordance with Article 10, paragraph 2 (a) of this Protocol. They shall inform the Secretariat of any changes in the delineation or administrative status of the protected area.

6. The Secretariat shall inform the competent national and international organizations of the List and of the measures taken in the PACS.

Article 12

Conservation of Biological Diversity in the Framework of Coastal Zone Management

Pursuant to Article 15 of the Convention, the Contracting Parties shall take measures to develop and adopt national coastal area management strategies and plans to provide a mechanism for biological diversity conservation. Requirements for the application of these national strategies and plans include the following:

(a) Integration of biological diversity conservation and environmental protection provisions in national and/or regional development planning;

(b) Implementation of integrated management approach that allows multiple uses of biological resources in accordance with Article 3 of this Protocol.

(c) Analysis of natural dynamics of coastal ecosystems connected with sea-level fluctuations.

Article 13

Environmental Impact Assessment in the Framework of Conservation of Biological Diversity

Pursuant to Article 17 of the Convention, the Contracting Parties shall apply the procedures of Environmental Impact Assessment as a tool for preventing and minimizing adverse impacts on biological diversity in the marine environment of the Caspian Sea.

Article 14

Access to Genetic Resources

1. Recognising the sovereign rights of the Contracting Parties over their natural resources, the authority to determine access to genetic resources rests with the national governments and is subject to national legislation.

2. Taking into account national legislation, each Contracting Party shall endeavour to create conditions to facilitate access to genetic resources for the environmentally sound use by other Contracting Parties and not to impose restrictions that run counter to the objectives of this Protocol.

3. For the purpose of this Protocol, the genetic resources being provided by a Contracting Party are only those that are provided by Contracting Parties that are countries of origin of such resources or Contracting Parties that have acquired the genetic resources in accordance with this Protocol.

4. Access to genetic resources, where granted, shall be on mutually agreed terms and subject to the provisions of this Article. Such terms may include:

(a) A dispute settlement;

(b) Terms on benefit-sharing;

(c) Terms on subsequent third party use, if any, and

(d) Terms on changes of intent, where applicable.

5. Access to genetic resources shall be subject to prior informed consent of the Contracting Party providing such resources, unless otherwise determined by that Contracting Party.

6. Each Contracting Party shall endeavour to develop and carry out scientific research based on genetic resources provided by other Contracting Parties with the full participation of, and where possible in, such Contracting Parties.

Article 15

Access to and Transfer of Technology

1. Each Contracting Party undertakes subject to the provisions of this article to provide and/or facilitate access for and transfer to other Contracting Parties of technologies that are relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or make use of genetic resources and do not cause significant damage to the environment.

2. Access to and transfer of technology, referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, to other Contacting Parties shall be provided and/or facilitated under fair and favourable terms, including concessional and preferential terms where mutually agreed.

3. Each Contracting shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, with the aim that Contracting Parties, which provide genetic resources are provided access to and transfer of technology which makes use of those resources, on mutually agreed terms, including technology protected by patents and other intellectual property rights in accordance with applicable international treaties and consistent with paragraphs 4 and 5 of this Article.

4. Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate legislative, administrative or policy measures with the aim that the private sector facilitates access to joint development and transfer of technology referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article for the benefit of both governmental institutions and the private sector of the Contracting Parties.

5. The Contracting Parties, recognizing that patents and other intellectual property rights may have an influence on the implementation of this Protocol, shall cooperate in this regard subject to national legislation and applicable international treaties in order to ensure that such rights are supportive of and do not run counter to its objectives.

Article 16

Scientific and Technical Cooperation and Assistance

1. The Contracting Parties shall promote technical and scientific cooperation in the field of conservation of biological diversity and sustainable and rational use of biological resources, through the appropriate national and international institutions.

2. Each Contracting Party shall promote technical and scientific cooperation with other Contracting Parties in implementing this Protocol. Special attention should be given to the human resource development and institutional capacity building, research and monitoring programmes, and standardizing procedures and guidelines in promoting such cooperation.

3. The Contracting Parties shall cooperate in the development and use of technologies, including traditional technologies, in pursuance of the objectives of this Protocol. For this purpose, the Contracting Parties shall also promote cooperation through the training of personnel and exchange of experts.

4. The Contracting Parties, subject to mutual agreement, shall promote the establishment of joint projects, and research programmes and joint ventures for the development of technologies relevant to the objectives of this Protocol.

Article 17

Exchange of Information

The Contracting Parties shall:

(a) Adopt appropriate measures to facilitate the exchange of information from all publicly available sources relevant to the conservation on biological diversity and sustainable and rational use of biological resources. Such exchange of information shall include the results of technical, scientific and socioeconomic research, as well as information on training and traditional knowledge;

(b) Exchange information concerning the characteristics of protected areas and threatened species, including the experience acquired and the problems encountered;

(c) At the earliest opportunity, communicate any situation that might endanger the ecosystems of protected areas or the survival of threatened species to the other Contracting Parties that might be affected and to the Secretariat.

Article 18

Environmental Education and Public Awareness

The Contracting Parties shall:

(a) Give appropriate publicity to the status of threatened species and the designation of protected areas, their characteristics, importance and applicable regulations;

(b) Endeavour to inform the public of the value and vulnerability of protected areas and threatened species, and of the scientific knowledge gained through nature conservation programmes. Such information should be included in education and public awareness programmes;

(c) Endeavour to promote the participation of public and conservation organizations in measures necessary for the protection of protected areas and threatened species;

(d) Cooperate, as appropriate, with other Contracting Parties and competent national and international organizations in developing educational and public awareness programmes, with respect to conservation of biological diversity and sustainable and rational use of biological resources.

Article 19

Reports of Contracting Parties

1. Each Contracting Party shall submit a report to the Secretariat on the implementation of provisions of this Protocol, in particular on the status of the:

(a) Biological diversity including threatened and alien species;

(b) Habitats;

(c) Protected areas included in the PACS List, and changes in their status;

(d) Implementation of environmental education and public awareness programmes.

2. The format of the report and the procedure for submission of information shall be agreed by the Conference of the Parties.

Article 20

Institutional Provisions

1. For the purposes of this Protocol and in accordance with Article 22, paragraph 10 of the Convention, the Conference of the Parties shall, inter alia:

(a) Keep under review the implementation of this Protocol;

(b) Oversee the work of the Secretariat and provide guidance for its activities;

(c) Keep under review the content of this Protocol;

(d) In accordance with Article 24 of this Protocol, consider and adopt any amendments to this Protocol or its annexes, as well as its additional annexes;

(e) Consider reports submitted by the Secretariat on matters related to this Protocol;

(f) Evaluate the efficacy of the measures adopted for the protection of protected areas, and threatened species, and examine the need for other measures, particularly in the form of amendments to this Protocol or to its Annexes;

(g) Adopt and review, where appropriate, relevant regional programmes, plans of actions and measures in accordance with Article 6 of this Protocol;

(h) Formulate procedures for reports transmitted by the Parties under Article 19 of this Protocol and the exchange of information in accordance with the Article 17 of this Protocol;

(i) Decide on the inclusion of an area in the PACS List, in conformity with Article 9 of this Protocol;

(j) Consider and decide on the financial and budgetary matters related to the implementation of this Protocol;

(k) Establish any subsidiary bodies or institutional mechanisms as may be deemed necessary for the implementation of this Protocol;

(l) Consider and undertake any additional actions that may be required for the achievement of the objectives of this Protocol;

(m) Seek, where appropriate, the technical and financial services of relevant international bodies and scientific institutions for the purposes of the objectives of this Protocol.

2. For the purposes of this Protocol, in accordance with Article 23, paragraph 4 of the Convention, the Secretariat shall inter alia:

(a) Provide upon request by any Contracting Party legal, scientific and technical assistance and advice for the effective implementation of this Protocol;

(b) Communicate with Competent Authorities in the Contracting Parties on the application of this Protocol;

(c) Promote and facilitate legal, scientific and technical cooperation;

(d) Establish and maintain liaison and co-ordination with relevant international organizations, particularly with the Secretariats of the biological diversity-related treaties;

(e) Assist the Contracting Parties, in cooperation with the relevant international, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, in the implementation of this Protocol.

(f) Develop unified monitoring systems for the PACS and threatened species;

(g) Propose the establishment of a network of the PACS, in coordination with the Contracting Parties, aimed at the effective conservation of biological diversity of the Caspian Sea.

(h) Create and update databases of PACS and threatened species;

(i) Prepare and present reports and technical studies that may be required for the implementation of this Protocol to the Conference of Parties;

(j) Elaborate and implement the relevant training programmes;

(k) Carry out the functions assigned to it in the action plans adopted by the Conference of the Parties in the framework of this Protocol;

(l) Perform such other functions as may be determined by the Conference of the Parties.

Article 21

Funding of the Protocol

1. To achieve the objectives of this Protocol, the Contracting Parties, shall as far as possible:

(a) Consider and ensure the availability of financial resources for the formulation and implementation of related domestic, bilateral and multilateral programmes, projects and measures;

(b) Promote the mobilization of financial resources from bilateral and multilateral funding sources and mechanisms, including grants and loans;

(c) Explore innovative methods and incentives for mobilizing and channelling resources, including those of foundations, governmental agencies of other countries, international organizations, nongovernmental organizations and private sector entities.

2. The Financial Rules of the Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties.

Article 22

Settlement of Disputes

Any dispute between the Contracting Parties concerning the application or interpretation of the provisions of this Protocol shall be settled in accordance with Article 30 of the Convention.

Article 23

Adoption and Entry into Force of the Protocol

1. This Protocol shall be adopted by unanimous decision of the Contracting Parties by a Meeting of the Conference of the Parties.

2. This Protocol shall be open for signature only by Caspian littoral States, in the city of Tehran from 30th May 2014 to 30th May 2015.

3. This Protocol shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the Caspian littoral States and shall be open for accession by any Caspian littoral State from the date on which the Protocol is closed for signature.

4. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Depository of the Convention.

5. This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by all Caspian littoral States.

Article 24

Adoption of Amendments to the Protocol, Annexes to it and Amendments to the Annexes

Any Contracting Party may propose amendments and annexes to this Protocol, as well as amendments to its annexes. These amendments and annexes shall be adopted by the Contracting Parties and enter into force in accordance with Articles 24 and 25 of the Convention.

Article 25

Relationship with Other International Treaties

Nothing in this Protocol shall prejudice the rights and obligations of the Contracting Parties under other international treaties to which they are parties.

Article 26

Effect of the Protocol on National Legislation

The provision of this Protocol shall not affect the right of the Parties to adopt stricter national measures relevant for the implementation of this Protocol.

Article 27

Reservation

Article 28

The Depository of the Protocol is the Depository of the Convention.

Article 29

The Azerbaijani, English, Farsi, Kazakh, Russian and Turkmeni texts of this Protocol are equally authentic. In case of dispute arising as to the interpretation or application of this Protocol the English text shall be authoritative.

Relationship with the Negotiation of the Legal

Nothing in this Protocol shall be interpreted as to prejudge the outcome of the negotiation on the final legal status of the Caspian Sea.

In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized, have signed this Protocol.

Annex I

CATEGORIES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THREATENED SPECIES

A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon's life cycle and life form.

A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon's life cycle and life form.

A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E <*> for Critically Endangered, and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E <*> for Endangered and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.

A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E <*> for Vulnerable, and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.

A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria <*> but does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future.

A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria <*> and does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category.

A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is appropriate. It is important to make positive use of whatever data are available. In many cases great care should be exercised in choosing between DD and a threatened status. If the range of a taxon is suspected to be relatively circumscribed, and a considerable period of time has elapsed since the last record of the taxon, threatened status may well be justified.

A taxon is Not Evaluated when it is has not yet been evaluated against the criteria.

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<*> The criteria can be found in the «IUCN Red List and Criteria» (latest version 3.1)

Annex II

1. To be eligible for inclusion in the PACS List, an area must comply with at least one of the sub-paragraphs set out in Article 9, paragraph 1 of this Protocol. Several of these sub-paragraphs can be complied with by the same area in certain cases, and such circumstances only strengthen the case for the inclusion of the area in the List.

2. No limit is imposed on the total number of areas included in the List or on the number of areas any individual Party can propose for inscription. Nevertheless, the Parties agree that sites will be selected on a scientific basis and included in the List according to their qualities; therefore they will have to fulfil the requirements set out by this Protocol and the present criteria.

3. The Contracting Parties agree that besides the fundamental criteria of national administrative status of protected areas, the following criteria will guide their site selection for inclusion in the PACS List:

(a) Global Significance:

The site is a particularly good example of a natural or near-natural ecosystem, characteristics of the appropriate bio-geographical region; it supports an appreciable assemblage of rare, vulnerable or endangered species or subspecies of plant or animal, or an appreciable number of individuals of any one or more of these species; it is of special value for maintaining the genetic and ecological diversity of a region because of the quality and peculiarities of its flora and fauna; it is of special value as the habitat of plants or animals at a critical stage of their biological cycle; it regularly supports 20,000 waterfowl; it regularly supports 1% of the population of one species or subspecies of waterfowl;

(b) Regional Value:

The site has a regional value and highly representative of the Caspian Region and its biological diversity;

(c) National Status:

The site has the administrative status of national protected area, protection measures and a financed management plan;

(d) Uniqueness:

The site contains unique or rare ecosystems, and or rare; threatened; endangered or endemic species;

(e) Natural Representativeness:

The site is highly representative of ecological systems, community or habitat types or other natural characteristics;

(f) Biological Diversity:

The site has a high diversity of species, communities, habitats or ecosystems;

(g) Manageable Anthropogenic Stressors:

Sites with less human-induced stressors are preferred;

(h) Manageable Natural Stressors:

Sites with minimum degree of natural stressors are preferred;

(i) Availability of Adequate Baseline Data:

The site has a minimal information gap and some degree of reliable baseline data available;

(j) Cultural Representativeness:

The site has high representative value with respect to cultural heritage, due to the existence of environmentally sound traditional activities integrated with nature, which support the well being of local populations;

(k) Scientific, Educational and Aesthetic Values:

The site has scientific, educational or aesthetic value and does not face threats likely to immediately impair its ecological, biological, aesthetic or cultural values;

There is an ongoing involvement and active participation of the public, particularly of local communities, in the process of planning and management of the area.

To be included in the PACS List, the Contracting Parties agree to undertake the following planning and management measures within their proposed areas:

(a) Submission of relevant baseline data including environmental, socio-economic and cultural aspects and a plan of fulfilling the identified information gaps;

(b) Submission of a well defined short and long-term objectives of the Conservation Management Plan;

(c) Submission of relevant information on the competent authority/authorities and status of multiple stakeholder involvement;

(d) Application of measures including Environmental Impact Assessment, to prevent, control and mitigate all sources of pollution that might have adverse impact on the conservation status of species, community, ecosystem or habitats, cultural, or aesthetic value of the area proposed for inclusion in the PACS List;

(e) Fully cooperate in implementation of provisions of this Protocol, especially in connection with the introduction and or re-introduction of any species;

(f) To be included in the PACS List an area will have to be endowed with a management plan. The main rules of this management plan are to be defined from the time of inclusion and implemented immediately. A detailed management plan must be presented within three years of the time of inclusion. Failure to respect this obligation entails the removal of the site from the List;

(g) The competence and responsibility with regard to administration and implementation of conservation measures for areas proposed for inclusion in the PACS List must be clearly defined in the texts governing each area;

(h) In order to be included in the PACS List, a protected area must have a management body with sufficient powers as well as the means and human resources to prevent and/or control activities which are likely to be contrary to the aims of the protected area;

(i) To be included in the PACS List, an area will have to be endowed with a monitoring programme. This programme should include the identification and monitoring of a certain number of significant parameters for the area in question, in order to allow the assessment of the condition and evolution of the area, as well as the effectiveness of protection and management measures implemented, so that they may be adapted if need be. Submission of regular monitoring reports of the area from the date of inclusion in the PACS List.

1. Conservation and management objectives must be clearly defined in the text relating to each site, and will constitute the basis for assessment of the adequacy of the adopted measures and the effectiveness of their implementation during the revisions of the PACS List.

2. Protection, planning and management measures applicable to each area must be adequate for the achievement of the conservation and management objectives set forth in the management plan for the site in the short and long term, and take in particular into account the threats upon it.

3. Protection, planning and management measures must be based on an adequate knowledge of the elements of the natural environment and of socio-economic and cultural factors that characterize each area. In case of shortcomings in basic knowledge, an area accepted for inclusion in the PACS List must actively initiate the collection of the missing data and information.

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